Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)
A 7-dimension personality instrument developed by psychiatrist C. Robert Cloninger, splitting personality into 4 temperament traits and 3 character traits.
The TCI measures 7 dimensions split into two categories. The 4 temperament dimensions, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence, are treated as largely automatic, biologically-rooted response patterns. The 3 character dimensions, self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence, reflect more self-aware, goal-directed traits shaped by life experience.
Psychiatrist C. Robert Cloninger developed the TCI in the early 1990s, building on his own earlier temperament model. The full version runs to roughly 240 items. It's used mostly in research and clinical settings rather than as a casual self-discovery tool, and it isn't the instrument behind our own Big Five test.